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In Christian heresiology, there have been historical claims that certain Christian sects worshipped the devil. This was especially an issue in the reaction of the early Church to Gnosticism and its dualism, where the creator deity is understood as a demiurge subordinate to the actual, transcendent God. ==Satan in the Hebrew Bible== (詳細はHebrew Bible God is depicted as the source of both light and darkness, as in Isaiah 45:6-7.〔Peter D. Quinn-Miscall Reading Isaiah: poetry and vision p93 2001 - 224 "I make peace and I create evil. I the Lord make all these things. (45:6-7) "I create evil" is a shocking statement that is usually softened in translations, except for KJV."〕 This concept of "darkness" or "evil" was not yet personified as "the devil," a later development in Jewish thought.〔Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible DDD p245 ed. K. van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter Willem van der Horst - 1999 "The value of this complex dualism and eschatology for some factions of post-exilic Judaism was that it provided an ... the source of both opposites: "I form light and I create darkness: I make wholeness and I create evil" (Isa 45:7)."〕 The author of the Books of Chronicles is thought to have first introduced the notion of "divine intermediaries", not found in the earlier parts of the Hebrew Bible. The main evidence adduced by theologians to support this is 1 Chronicles 21, a reworked version of 2 Samuel 24. This change is made most evident in the Chronicler's treatment of 2 Samuel 24:1: which in 1 Chronicles 21:1 becomes: In the Book of Samuel, YHWH himself is the agent in punishing Israel, while in 1 Chronicles an "adversary" is introduced. This is usually taken to be the result of the influence of Persian dualism on Israelite demonology. Scholars are divided on whether in Chronicles, "the adversary" had already become a proper name, "the Adversary" (Satan). The traditional opinion has been that this is the case, arguing from the absence of the definite article in שטן "adversary". S. Japhet in her ''The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles and its Place in Biblical Thought'' (1989) argued against mainstream opinion in suggesting that שטן still had the generic meaning and only became the proper name "Satan" at a later date, by about the 2nd century BC.〔(''Divine Intermediaries in 1 Chronicles 21: An Overlooked Aspect of the Chronicler’s Theology'' ) by Paul Evans in ''Biblica'', 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「God as the devil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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